The 80-Year Silence — Arkansas

The 80-Year Silence

Black Political Power in Arkansas, 1868 – Present

scroll to begin

Black men served in the Arkansas General Assembly through the Reconstruction era and into the early 1890s. Then the seats went silent. For eighty years, not a single Black legislator served in the Arkansas statehouse. Arkansas is the only former Confederate state that has never elected an African American to statewide or federal office.
Reconstruction Era
William Hines Furbush
Arkansas House of Representatives · Phillips County
1873
George W. Bell
Arkansas State Senate
1873
John Gray Lucas
Arkansas House of Representatives · Jefferson County
1890
1893

The last Black members of the Arkansas General Assembly
leave office as disfranchisement laws take hold.

The Silence Breaks — January 8, 1973
Henry Wilkins III
Arkansas House of Representatives · Pine Bluff
1973
Richard Mays
Arkansas House of Representatives
1973
William Townsend
Arkansas House of Representatives
1973
Jerry Jewell
Arkansas State Senate
1973
What Followed
Richard Mays
Arkansas Supreme Court · First Black Justice
1983
Jerry Jewell
Arkansas Senate President Pro Tempore · Acting Governor when Governor Clinton traveled to Washington
1979
80years of silence
1893silence begins
1973silence ends

Eighty years passed between the last Black member leaving the Arkansas General Assembly and the first returning. In January 1973, four people broke the silence simultaneously — Wilkins, Mays, Townsend, and Jewell, entering together what one person alone had been denied for eight decades.

Explore the Full Archive

Njila

Njila — The Ancestral Pathway The Ancestral Pathway
Take This Further

The history preserved here is not a museum exhibit. It is a living record with direct implications for how we understand civic participation, community power, and the work that remains.

Course

Black History Every Month

A 90-minute course that reframes Black American history as a year-round practice, not a February obligation. The Political Leadership Overlay data is woven throughout.

$127 · Self-paced
Enroll Now
Course

Know Your Roots, Know Your Rights

Your family's history is connected to laws, policies, and legal systems that shaped where they lived, how they worked, and what they were allowed to own. This self-paced course bridges genealogy and advocacy.

Self-paced
Enroll Now
Coming 2026

Know Your Power: Civic Advocacy for Black Women

Understanding who held power where your ancestors lived is itself an act of advocacy. From Reconstruction to redistricting, from the Voting Rights Act to your next local election.

Black Girl Magic School
Join the Waitlist
Heritage Map

Join the Map

Every church, school, lodge hall, and cemetery that Black communities built during the silence is a monument to persistence without representation. Help us document what remains.

Explore the Map
Sources & Further Reading
  • U.S. House of Representatives — History, Art & Archives (history.house.gov)
  • Eric Foner, Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877 (Harper Perennial, 2014)
  • BlackPast.org